考虑腹地关系的内河港口竞争策略分析

针对上下游两个内河港口之间的竞争问题，考虑相邻港口同时选择单一定价、单一定价—差别定价、差别定价—单一定价和差别定价4 种竞争策略情形下，运用Hotelling 博弈方法，在考虑港口之间水运成本的情况下，对不同竞争阶段港口的均衡价格、市场份额和利润进行了比较. 研究表明：港口的均衡结果与两港的位置和水上、陆路单位运费率之比有关；只有单一港口选择差别定价时，其可以获取更高的市场份额和利润；分别以不同阶段的市场份额、利润作为支付函数，上下游港口的纳什均衡均为差别定价策略.

Analysis on Competition Strategies of Inland Ports Considering Hinterland Relationship

To study inland port competition, we assume that each port located in the downriver or upriver can select separately uniform pricing or discriminatory pricing strategies. Through Hotelling model, this paper compares the equilibrium price, market share and profit under 4 different pricing situations, when considering the waterway transportation cost between two ports. Our study shows that port’s equilibrium results are related to the distance between the two ports and the ratio of the unit cost of waterway shipping to road transportation. Meanwhile, the port can get higher market share and profit when it takes discriminatory pricing alone; if we use market share or profit as payment, the Nash equilibrium between one upstream port and another downstream port is still differential pricing strategy.