一种降低人-地撞击损伤的车辆制动控制方法

为降低车人碰撞事故中人与地面撞击所致损伤,提出一种车辆制动控制策略。该策略在检测到人体头部与车辆首次接触后松开车辆制动,之后依据若干准则再次完全制动车辆直到车辆停止。选择10种车型、两种制动方法(完全制动和控制制动)和一个虚拟仿真系统(包含3种车速×4种行人尺寸×2种行人步态)设计了共480次MADYMO仿真试验。结果发现控制制动能降低人-地撞击所致损伤但不会加重车辆的损伤,且能将83.75%案例中车辆与人体主要部位首次触地点位置之间的距离缩短至1 m内。进一步讨论了车型和车速对制动控制策略防护效果的影响、人车首次接触与再次完全制动车辆的时间间隔取值规律和控制制动中损伤加重案例的原因等问题,为今后开发更实用且高效的制动控制策略提供技术支持。

A Vehicle Braking Control Method for Reducing Pedestrian?Ground Impact Injury

In order to reduce the pedestrian?ground impact injury in vehicle pedestrian collisions,a vehi?cle braking control strategy is proposed.The strategy releases the vehicle brake after the first contact between pedes?trian head and vehicle,and then completely brakes the vehicle again according to some rules until the vehicle stops.Ten vehicle models,two braking methods(full braking and control braking)and a virtual test system(including 3 speeds×4 pedestrian sizes×2 pedestrian gaits)are selected to conduct all?together 480 simulation tests with MADY?MO.The results show that the control braking method can reduce the pedestrian?ground impact injury without aggra?vating vehicle damage,and can shorten the distance between the vehicle and the first landing point of human body to within 1 m in 83.75%cases.Furthermore,the influence of vehicle type and impact speed on the protective effect of control braking method,the law of time?interval between first pedestrian?vehicle contact and re?full braking of ve?hicle and the reasons of injury aggravation in controlling braking are discussed,providing technical support for the further development of more practical and efficient braking control strategy in the future.