城市轨道交通车辆基地用地规划对综合开发绩效的影响

轨道交通车辆基地用地规划的选址和用地规模对综合开发的可行性和经济性影响显著。通过对车辆基地综合开发的建设周期、建设成本和开发强度分析，发现各个城市的落实程度和效果不一，整体出现综合利用比例低、综合绩效不理想等现象。以北京、南宁等城市为例，对典型车辆基地的规划布局和用地规模进行研究，车辆基地选址普遍位于非生活区，周边缺乏配套基础设施；用地规模受节地模式的影响，导致地块狭长、缺少腹地。研究结果表明在多样化的车辆基地用地程序下，重大项目和单独选址的用地模式导致车辆基地普遍采用节地模式，从而削弱综合利用结构转换层落地的可能性，缺少腹地限制了联合开发与综合平衡的可能性；由于在选址阶段考虑土地收储成本，导致位于城市边缘地区的车辆基地易受地价和周边开发成熟度的制约，影响综合利用率和上盖开发业态。基于此，对车辆基地在功能定位、选址标准、用地程序、规划编制等方面存在的缺失和错位提出改进建议。

Impact of Land Planning for Urban Rail Transit Vehicle Bases on Their Comprehensive Development Performance

The site selection and land scale of rail transit vehicle base land planning have a significant impact on the feasibility and economy of comprehensive development. Through the analysis of the construction cycle, construction cost and development intensity of the comprehensive development of vehicle bases, it is found that the implementation degree and effect of each city are different, and the overall comprehensive utilization ratio is low, and the comprehensive performance is not satisfactory. Therefore, taking Beijing, Nanning and other cities as examples, this paper studies the planning layout and land scale of typical vehicle bases, and the location of vehicle bases is generally located in non-living areas and lacks supporting infrastructure in the surrounding areas. The scale of land use is affected by the land-saving pattern, resulting in a narrow plot and a lack of hinterland. The results show that under the diversified land use procedures of vehicle bases, the land use mode of major projects and individual sites leads to the widespread adoption of land saving mode in vehicle bases, thereby weakening the possibility of landing the conversion layer of the comprehensive utilization structure, and the lack of hinterland limits the possibility of joint development and comprehensive balance. Due to the consideration of land collection and storage costs in the site selection stage, the vehicle base located in the urban edge area is easily constrained by land price and the maturity of surrounding development, which affects the comprehensive utilization rate and superstructure development format. Based on this, suggestions for improvement are put forward for the shortcomings and dislocations in the functional positioning, site selection standards, land use procedures, and planning of the vehicle base.