长大隧道工程结构安全风险精细化感控研究进展

长大隧道工程是中国重大基础设施重要组成部分,隧道结构周围岩土体性质不确定性高、周边环境敏感、使用条件苛刻,然而目前风险重评估轻控制的研究现状使得结构安全事故仍不断发生,损失严重。基于此,回顾作者所在团队以及国内外相关研究学者近10年来在长大隧道工程结构安全风险管控领域的研究进展,从安全风险时空感知指标、感知方法、感知网络技术、风险预警与控制技术4个主要方面总结风险感控理论与技术研究成果;通过揭示多重复杂环境条件下长大隧道工程结构安全风险特征演化机理,获得风险状态“安全精感”的敏感指标,利用研发的隧道工程结构安全状态的多参数无线感知方法和技术,实现隧道安全风险无线同步“灾变精知”,创建长大隧道工程无线智慧传感网络理论方法,攻克数据传输及超低功耗智慧组网“数据精传”难题,最后提出安全风险动态可视化预警及可恢复控制技术,突破长大隧道工程现场风险管控预警“风险精控”技术瓶颈,最终实现长大隧道工程结构安全风险精细化感控;介绍上述精细化感控体系在超长地铁隧道(连续20 km)、超大断面暗挖隧道(拱北隧道)、寒区隧道(低至-40℃)等重大复杂隧道工程结构安全风险感控中的成功应用案例,并对未来长大隧道工程结构安全风险感控研究热点趋势进行展望。

Recent Progress on Refined Sensing and Control of Safety and Risk of Long-and Large-scale Tunnel Lining Structures

Long-and large-scale tunnel engineering plays a significant role in the critical infrastructure of a country. The risk of these structures lies in highly uncertain ground conditions, sensitive environments, and strict working conditions. Currently, research on these risks is mainly focused on the assessment, and pays very little attention to their control, resulting in occasional severe accidents with high costs. In view of this limitation, this paper summarizes the recent progress in the safety, risk sensing, and control of long-and large-scale tunnel lining structures by related researchers, including authors over the past decade. The progress is mainly four-fold, that is, the safety and risk index in the time and space domains, sensing methodology, sensor network technology, and risk pre-warning and control technologies. The evolution mechanism of the safety and risk characteristics of the tunnel lining structures in multiple-complex environments are analyzed to obtain the most suitable metric for the target of the refined sensing. Algorithms for the transformation of the sensor variable to the structural parameters are proposed to accurately determine the safety and risk level. A novel network suitable for the tunnel lining structure environment is developed to achieve stable signal transmission with low consumption. On-site visualization and a framework of the resilience-based control of safety and risk are proposed to overcome the difficulties of prompt risk pre-warning to on-site workers. At the end of this paper, the applications of the above-mentioned refined sensing and control technologies are illustrated by several examples, including long metro tunnels (20 km of mileage), the large sectional Gongbei tunnel, and cold region tunnel (-40℃). The future trends of safety and risk control are presented before the conclusion of this paper.