新冠肺炎疫情下城市公共交通非常规防疫策略——以宁波市为例

在国家重大突发疫情面前，城市公共交通具有保障出行与阻断疫情的双重责任。面对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎（简称新冠肺炎，COVID-19）疫情，城市公共交通既要保证有效运输，又要降低疫情扩散的风险。地铁和常规公交是城市公共交通系统不可缺少的一部分，在城市公共交通中占据重要地位。针对宁波市城市公共交通系统中存在的防疫问题，提出了基于问题驱动的城市公共交通非常规防疫策略。研究结果表明：新冠肺炎疫情形势下，城市公共交通系统防疫需要启动应急响应机制，遵循分区分类防控的基本原则，在保障人们刚性出行需求的同时，必须阻断疫情传播，减少通过公共交通运输造成的交叉感染，实现疫情可防可控。除体温检测、佩戴口罩与洗手消毒等防疫措施之外，还应结合地方实际和风险评估等级采取非常规的组合防疫策略，即：①面向城市常规公交，建议采取网格化运营策略、需求响应式运营策略以及应急公交接驳策略；②面向城市轨道交通，建议采取3级组合防疫策略，即暂停运营策略、车厢隔离防疫策略以及需求响应式防疫策略。以上常规公交与轨道交通的多种组合防疫策略需根据疫情的发展情况动态调整，及时启动相应级别的公共交通应急预案，被动防御与主动防控相结合，积极发挥城市公共交通在疫情时期的交通骨干作用和应急保障作用。

Unconventional Epidemic Prevention Strategy for Urban Public Transport Systems During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Example of Ningbo

To combat major national epidemics, such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, urban public transport (UPT) systems have the dual responsibility of ensuring effective transport and hindering the spread of epidemics. In this scenario, the metro and conventional buses are indispensable parts of the UPT system. This study proposes problem-driven urban public transportation epidemic prevention strategy addressing the infection control problems faced by Ningbo's public transportation system. The results show that, owing to the urgency of dealing with the coronavirus disease outbreak, the epidemic prevention strategy of UPT systems must activate the emergency response mechanism and follow the basic principles of the regional classification prevention and control strategy. The strategy must not only meet people's rigid travel demands but also prevent the spread of the epidemic and reduce the cross-infection caused by UPT systems, thereby achieving the goals of prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition to epidemic prevention measures such as body temperature detection, wearing masks, and hand washing and disinfection in the early stages of the epidemic, an unconventional and targeted combined epidemic prevention strategy was adopted for UPT systems, in combination with local actual conditions and risk assessment levels. On the one hand, for the conventional bus system, the following epidemic prevention strategies with recommendations were addressed: grid-based operation, demand-responsive operation, and emergency bus connection. On the other hand, for the urban rail transit system, three epidemic prevention strategies with recommendations were addressed: suspension of subway operations, compartment isolation, and demand-response. The multiple aforementioned combined epidemic prevention strategies for conventional bus and urban rail transit systems must be dynamically adjusted according to the development of the epidemic situation, and the corresponding level of the public transport emergency plan should be activated in time and in practice. Passive defense and active prevention and control need to be combined to ensure optimized operation of the UPT system in urban transport and emergency-response during COVID-19.