基于方式选择的拥堵收费及返还优化模型

通过应用累积前景理论分析用户出行行为，建立拥堵收费及其返还的优化模 型，得到了不同需求分布均值下的最优收费和最优票价折扣费率，用算例验证了模型的 有效性，并对比了无补贴无收费、有收费无补贴、有补贴无收费及有补贴有收费4 种情况 的系统总成本，以及有补贴有收费情况下相对于无补贴无收费情况，政府和用户节省的 总成本费用.结果表明，模型与实际现象是吻合的，实施拥堵收费和补贴政策可以有效减 少系统总成本，节省政府财政支出和公交车用户的费用成本，而且恰当的设置拥堵收费 和票价折扣费率将有效引导人们更多的选择公共交通出行.

Congestion Pricing and Refund Optimization Model Based on Mode Choice

By analyzing travel behavior of users with cumulative prospect theory, a congestion pricing and refund optimization model is proposed. And the optimal fare discount rate and best toll are obtained with it. Then a numerical example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. There are four situations: without subsidy and without toll, without subsidy and with toll, with subsidy and without toll, with subsidy and with toll. In this paper, the total system costs in the situations above are compared to the situation without subsidy and without toll. Moreover, the cost expense savings of government and passengers in the situation with subsidy and with toll compared with the situation without subsidy and without toll are also got. At last, the results show that the model is in accord with the users’actual choice behavior. The comparisons show that the policies of congestion pricing and subsidy can effectively reduce the total system cost and save the expense cost of government and passengers by bus. And appropriate congestion toll and fare discount rate can effectively make more people choose public transport.