考虑同伴群动态交流分组的行人仿真模型研究

朋友、家人等社会群体结伴出行的同伴群在行人流中常占有较高比例.由于交流需求,同伴群趋于肩并肩行走以横向成排或接近浅V型的形态前进.在现有研究中,基于社会力的同伴群行人微观仿真模型对这一现象的描述最符合实际.本文观测发现,随着人流密度的增加或同伴群成员数量增多,同伴群通常动态呈现前后分组、横向成排空间形态,这是每个同伴群成员为寻求一个合适的行走位置,对满足交流需求和降低前进阻力权衡决策后呈现的自组织现象.本文提出动态交流分组模型对同伴群成员个体决策机理进行刻画,在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析同伴群对行人流动力学特性产生的影响.仿真研究结果表明,模型较好重现了同伴群随密度和人数增加的动态分组现象;同伴群的存在会降低行人流速度,但其影响强度随人流密度的增加而减弱;同伴群动态交流分组模型的引入会提升仿真行人流的通行效率,使之更加接近真实行人流的运动特性.

Pedestrian Simulation Model Considering Groups Dynamic Pattern with Communication

Walking together groups, such as family, friends, etc., often occupy a high proportion in pedestrian crowd. Group members tend to walk side by side or form a shallow V-shape pattern in order to communicate each other. Among previous studies, social force based group pedestrian simulation model described it best. However, our observation notices that when density of crowd or number of group members increases, the structure turns into a dynamic sub-group based multi-row pattern. This self-organized pattern emerges from the movements’combination of individual group members, who seek for a proper position to satisfy their communication need as well as to reduce the marching resistance from other pedestrian or surroundings. We introduce a dynamic sub-group forming model to reflect the decision making process of group members. Furthermore, simulation experiments are conducted to analyses how group behavior affect the crowd dynamics. The experimental results show that: this model can replicate the dynamic sub- group based multi-row pattern when the density of pedestrian is high or the group members is large; the existence of groups in crowd decreases the speed of pedestrian flow but the effect weakens with the increase of flow density; our model can improve the efficient of simulated pedestrian flow and make it closer to the actual crowd dynamics.