考虑容量约束的铁路货运竞争性定价策略研究

在铁路传统货运市场营销中,针对定价问题的研究很少考虑铁路货运系统的容量约束,为了将铁路编组站和线路的容量约束与货运价格的制定进行综合优化,引入市场竞争因素,提出了一个以铁路运营企业总利润最大化为上层目标和货主广义费用最小化为下层目标的双层规划模型.在满足约束条件的前提下,该模型能够给出最优的定价策略和运量分配方案,使得铁路运营企业的总利润最大化.为了降低模型求解难度,运用原始—对偶方法将双层规划模型转化成单层整数线性规划模型,给出了精确的求解算法.通过算例验证了该模型在我国铁路货运定价中的可行性.

Competitive Pricing Strategy of Railway Freight Considering Capacity Constraint

In traditional railway freight marketing, few research on pricing considered the capacity constraint of the railway freight system. To optimize both the freight price and the capacity constraint of railway marshaling stations and lines, a bi- level programming model based on the market competition mechanism is proposed in this paper, whose upper level is maximization of railway freight operator’s total profits and lower level is minimization of shipper’s generalized cost. On the premise of meeting constraints, an optimal pricing strategy of railway freight and freight volume allocation scheme as well as maximized profits of railway freight operator can be achieved with this model. The bi-level programming model can be transformed into a single level integer linear programming with primal- dual conditions and solved by an exact solution approach in order to reduce model solving difficulty. The feasibility of the model in the pricing of railway freight of China is proved by a numerical instance.