自评的驾驶能力与危险类型对年轻新手危险知觉的影响

结合反应时和眼动测量方法，考察自评的驾驶能力与危险类型对年轻新手危险知觉的影响，以更好地解释“为什么年轻新手驾驶员对特定危险的反应时间长”这一现象.43名被试依次完成危险知觉能力自我评估量表和反应时任务.结果发现：驾驶员对真实交通视频中危险的反应时间存在明显的自评的驾驶能力效应；驾驶员高估自己的驾驶能力，会延迟他们的反应时间；当危险的可见性被遮挡时，这种不利影响更大；反应时间的差异是因为评估时间不同，而不是检测时间不同；眼动受危险类型的影响，而不受自评的驾驶能力的影响.研究结果对开发和开展年轻新手驾驶员危险知觉训练具有理论和实践意义.

Effects of Self-assessed Ability and Hazard Type on Young Novice Drivers’Hazard Perception

To better understand the phenomenon of“why young novice drivers respond to some hazards slower”, reaction time and eye movement method are used to examine the effects of self-assessed ability and hazard type on their hazard perception. 43 drivers are asked to finish a hazard perception scale and a reaction time task. Results show that self- assessed ability is crucial for determining drivers’response time to the hazards in video clips. Drivers who overestimate driving ability have slower response time. When the visibilities of hazards are interrupted, the adverse influencing is worse. The differences in response time are due to the faster processing time after the initial fixation rather than the detection time. Eye movements are influenced by hazard type but not by self-assessed ability. These findings have some implications for the development of hazard perception training of young novice drivers.