从河床演变观点评荆江碾子湾河道的整治

长江下荆江河段的碾子湾河道长度只有２８ｋｍ，分布着严重碍航的碾子湾浅滩，藕池口浅滩，石首锐弯与被泥沙沉积的石首港。１９８０年以来碾子湾河道发生严重的侵蚀与沉积。１９９５年２月至３月因碾子湾浅滩严重沉积使航道恶化，断航达２９天，约５００多艘江轮与６万多名旅客相继滞留在碾子湾河道上，在长江中游近代航运史上实属罕见。本文从近４０多年来碾子湾的河床演变和鱼尾洲护岸工程角度评述碾子湾道与石首港恶化的原因，这

A Review of Realignment of Nianziwan Channel of Jingjiang from Fluvial Processes

The Nianziwan Channel at Jingjiang, the lower reach of the Yangtze River, with a length of 28 km is a typical meandering channel, composed of the Nianziwan Shoal, the Echikou Shoal, the Shishou Acutely Tortuous Channel, the Shishou Port deposited by sediment. All of them are natural obstacles to the safety of navigation in the Nianziwan Channel since 1980s. From February to March 1995, the channel worsened due to the serious deposition of the Nianziwan Shoal, which blocked the channel for 29 days, and caused over 500 ships and about 60 000 travelers detainment in the Nianziwan Channel. Meanwhile, the Shishou Port was deposited heavily. They are very rare in the history of navigation in hundreds of years at the middle reach of the Yangtze River. This paper presents some comments on the realignment problems of the Nianziwan Channel from the view points of fluvial processes and channel improvement according to the analysis of deposition of channel, the comparison of the historical charts of last 40 years and the analysis of bank protection at the Yuweizhou of the Nianziwan Channel in the 1970s. The results of the study provides a reference for the realignment of the shoal, the port and the bank protection of the Nianziwan Channel and the river realignment at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.