长平高速公路最优收费标准制定方法

中国高速公路建设始于20世纪80年代末，到目前为止高速公路收费标准的制定缺乏科学依据，确定办法主要来自于经验，基本上为一种政府行为。以长平高速公路为例，分析了收费标准的影响因素，根据收费标准和交通量的关系，提出了建立科学收费标准应满足的三个条件：①在不超过高速公路通行能力的前提下，尽量吸收更多的车辆使用高速公路，满足社会效益最大化；②在收费还贷期间内，支付各种税金和贷款本息后，通行费收入能保证养护费、管理费和大修费支出；②充分考虑道路使用者的经济承受力，保证道路使用者交纳通行费后，仍有一定的经济效益。通过对长春至四平高速公路和对应平行的102国道交通量调查，该收费标准和现行收费标准比较，方法更科学，收费更合理，该方法同样适合于其它高速公路项目。

Optimal toll standard in Chang-ping freeway

Freeway construction in China was initiated in the late 1980s, but up to now freeway toll standard, which mainly comes from experiences, is still lack of science basis. It is a whole government action. Taking Chang-ping freeway as an example,the relation of the toll standard and traffic volume was analyzed. It is pointed out that to establish scientific toll standard must obey three conditions, the first is to encourage it to absorb more vehicles and reach the most social benefit, the secondl is that the toll income can assure maintenance expense,management cost and overhaul payout, the third is to ensure users can gain profit.According this idea, the tolling model for chang-ping freeway was developed. The results show that this model is more scientific and reasonable.7 tabs, 3 figs, 8 refs.