高速铁路车站通过能力计算和评估

由于车站作业和运输组织等方面的差异,采用传统方法难以准确计算和评估高速铁路车站的通过能力和能力利用率。UIC能力手册提出了线路能力的加密和压缩方法,但未对理论能力、实际能力、有效能力等提出具体的定义和计算方法,也未对车站的通过能力计算和能力利用率评估提出具体的建议。本文首先对车站通过能力划分层次,并对车站通过能力的影响因素进行分析。在此基础上,提出不同层次车站通过能力的计算方法,包括理论能力的利用率法、实际和有效能力的仿真方法等。特别地,提出列车路径的压缩优化模型和加密方法,以评估和计算给定车站作业计划和列车路径排列方案条件下的车站通过能力利用率和可用能力。依托自行开发的高速铁路车站作业优化与仿真系统,基于案例研究,验证了仿真方法的可行性,并指出利用率法和压缩方法的局限性。

Calculation and Evaluation of Carrying Capacities at High-speed Railway Stations

Because of differences in station operations and transportation organizations,traditional methods are no longer available to calculate and evaluate carrying capacities at high-speed railway stations properly.The UIC capacity leaflet suggests two ways including compression and enrichment to evaluate line capacities,however,does not give exact definitions of so-called theoretical,practical and available capacities,and also does not provide exact methods to evaluate capacity consumptions at stations.This article classifies carrying capacities at stations into several levels at first and analyses their main facets inside and outside stations.Then calculation methods are suggested for carrying capacities of different levels,including the theoretical utility level method and simulation method.The compression and enrichment methods specified in the UIC capacity leaflet are also used to evaluate capacity consumptions and to calculate usable capacities at stations in a similar way to lines.A case study using the Station Optimization and Simulation system(Station OS) and the relationships between different capacities are given,which shows that simulation is a feasible and powerful way while the theoretical utility level method and compression method are just available under certain conditions.