铁路空车调配的多阶段策略优化模型研究

铁路空车调配问题是一个比较复杂的问题,目前国内在这方面的研究主要集中在静态宏观均衡调控上,而国外的研究则主要关注于日常调配的动态变化上。本文首先对该问题的国内外研究现状进行了综述,然后从我国铁路生产实际出发深入分析研究空车优化调配的策略和途径。基于空车服务时空网络的构建,采用动态规划方法提出了铁路局(公司)管内空车调配的多阶段策略优化模型。模型考虑了编组计划、列车运行图、技术计划和日班计划的影响,并在目标上谋求空车调配费用最小化。此外,模型实现了铁路局(公司)日常空车调配中排空和配空的综合优化,为空车调整阶段计划的编制提供了理论优化依据。最后,通过数值算例分析,模型的有效性得到证明。

Research on the Multi-stage Optimization Model of Empty Railcar Distribution

In the railway industry,empty car distribution remains a complex problem up to now.The domestic research mainly focuses on static and balanced assignment of empty cars,whereas the foreign study is mostly related to dynamic car distribution.Firstly,this paper gives a survey on this problem, and expounds some methods for optimizing empty car distribution in the practices of China railways.Then,an empty-car service time-space network is created, and a multi-stage optimization model of empty car distribution under a railway administration(or company) is constructed.The model involves the train formation plan,train working diagram,technical plan and daily and shift transport plans,and takes minimizing of empty-car-distribution costs as the objective.Meanwhile,the schemes of discharging empty cars and assigning empty cars are carried into the model,which provide the priority theory for establishment of daily phase plans.Finally,some numerical examples are given and the effectiveness of the model is proved.