快速施工桥梁的研究进展

为减少传统桥梁施工存在的弊病，加快桥梁建设速度，降低桥梁后期维护费用，提高桥梁的施工质量和耐久性，首先分析了快速施工桥梁的必要性及其在中国的应用前景，阐述了快速施工桥梁的基本组成及构件划分、预制桥面板的主要型式及发展趋势、钢与混凝土桥面板间的连接方式、快速施工预制装配桥梁主梁的3种主要型式及材料组合、节段拼装式预应力混凝土箱梁的预应力体系及主要施工方法、中小跨径混凝土或钢-混组合梁桥的主要截面型式及连接构造，讨论了预制高性能混凝土桥面板、多梁式钢-混凝土组合梁群钉连接的桥梁用于中小跨径快速施工桥梁的优越性，并对近年来在中国大江及海湾桥梁工程应用的整体预制桥墩的特点进行了论述；同时，重点阐述了快速施工钢-混组合梁桥、预制节段拼装混凝土或钢-混组合箱梁桥、预制拼装预应力束体系、预制节段拼装式桥墩等相关的理论研究与进展，包括群钉抗剪性能、混凝土桥面板间接缝受力特性、组合梁复杂受力行为分析、多梁式荷载横向分布、体外预应力组合梁动力特性、组合梁疲劳耐久性等，指出了当前中国进行快速施工桥梁建造在设计研发、体系机制创新等方面的一些不足，分析制约该领域发展的关键因素，同时对发展中国桥梁工业化、信息化及快速施工技术进行了展望，指出对于梁高受限或桥梁较宽，跨径在25~50 m的数量占比均较多的城市桥梁或公路桥梁，包括北方受季节性影响较大的桥梁，开拓快速施工桥梁与市场潜力巨大，并给出一些值得进一步研究解决的热点问题，以期促进交通行业桥梁基础设施建设技术的进步和创新发展。

Research and Development on Accelerated Bridge Construction Technology

In order to lessen drawbacks of traditional bridge construction methods, accelerate the speed of bridge construction, reduce maintenance costs of bridges, and enhance the quality and the durability of bridges, the study analyzed the necessity and the development potentials of the accelerated bridge construction(ABC). It also described the basic systems and component divisions of the accelerated bridge construction, the types and developing trend of prefabricated bridge decks, the connections between concrete decks and steel girders. Three major types of the prefabricated bridge girders and material combinations, prestress systems and their major construction technologies of prestressed segmental concrete box girder bridges, and the main cross-sectional types and joint configurations of concrete or composite bridges for medium or short spans were presented. This article also discussed the applicability and the superiority of the precast high-performance concrete decks and the multi-beam composite bridges connected with group studs in the ABC for medium or short spans. The characteristics of integral precast piers recently used in bridges for crossing bays and long rivers in China were also discussed. This study focused on the current theoretical research methods and developments for ABC system, especially for the steel-concrete composite bridges, precast segmental concrete box girder bridges or the steel-concrete box girder bridge, and the precast segmental bridge pier and other bridge types. The problems that include the shear capacity of group studs, the mechanisms of joint connections between concrete decks and group studs, complex behavior analysis of composite beams, lateral load distributions of multi-girder bridges, dynamic influence analysis of the externally prestressed composite bridges, durability and fatigue of composite beams and others were investigated. Some deficiencies in the rapid construction of bridges in China, such as the study and development of ABC design, innovation of construction-bridge system mechanism, and similar issues. were pointed out. The key factors that restrict the development of this field were analyzed. Meanwhile, the development of bridge industrialization, information and ABC technology in China were outlooked. It was proposed that the ABC was a good alternative with great market potentials for many municipal or highway bridges that span from 25 m to 50 m span with limited girder heights or wide widths, including the bridges that are seasonally affected in northern of China. Important issues worthy of further research were put forward to promote advancement in the bridge infrastructure construction technology, innovation and development.