Demand management as an element of transportation policy: using carrots and sticks to influence travel behavior |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional, SUR, Edificio Mario Laserna Cra 1° Este N° 19ª-40, Bogotá, Colombia;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Colombia;1. Public Transport Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, United States;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States;1. MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;1. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania, School of Design, 210 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6311, United States;2. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Información Geoespacial, A.C. (CentroGeo) CONACYT, Contoy 137 Esq. Chemax, Col. Lomas de Padierna, Delegación Tlalpan, CP, 14240, Mexico;3. Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, 337 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the characteristics of transportation demand management. The origin of transportation demand management (TDM) as it has evolved in the US is related to federal policy initiatives that first focused on improving the efficiency of the urban transportation system through operational improvements, and then incorporated concerns such as air quality and energy conservation into the transportation planning process. The paper then examines the effectiveness of TDM actions, and concludes that those actions most likely to increase the “price” of travel for single occupant vehicle use will be most effective. The paper identifies several strategies for improving the effectiveness of TDM actions in the context of regional transportation planning, including: incorporating TDM as part of the solutions for regional transportation planning, linking TDM to land use decisions, making the costs of travel more apparent to the user, and making TDM implementation more palatable to the general public. |
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