中国高速铁路的崛起和今后的发展

中国高速铁路是世界高速铁路发展中重要的一部分，从历史观点(人类社会发展的必然)和全球视野(世界高速铁路发展的延续)两方面重点回顾了中国高速铁路的崛起和发展历程，从宏观角度分析了世界高速铁路发展的时间轴，阐述了4次世界工业革命不断催生交通运输技术的重大进步，指出了世界高速铁路的发展都要经历4个阶段:酝酿、探索、成熟、发展。美国最早提出建设高速铁路，但至今还在酝酿期。日本、法国、德国等仍然处于探索期。只有中国高速铁路已进入快速发展期。围绕中国高速铁路取得的巨大历史成就，阐述了中国高速铁路引进、消化、吸收再创新到自主创新的过程，阐明了中国高速铁路之所以取得世界瞩目的重大成就，从政策层面看，主要是因为中国在吸收各国探索经验的基础上，在政府统筹下集中力量办大事，充分整合和利用企业、高校、科研院所等的资源优势，创建了轨道交通国家技术创新体系；从技术层面看，主要原因是取得了技术突破、理论突破和试验突破三大重要突破。探讨了高速铁路发展面临的技术挑战，论述了高速铁路关键技术的研究进展，展望了后高铁时代轮轨高铁和磁悬浮高铁的发展方向，提出了智能高铁、智慧高铁、数字高铁等未来发展思路，以期为中国高速铁路的未来走向和发展提供参考，助力中国交通强国伟大梦想的实现。 

Rise and future development of Chinese high-speed railway

The high-speed railway of China is an important part of the development of the world high-speed railway. The development and rise of Chinese high-speed railway were reviewed from the historical perspective (the inevitability of human society development) and the global perspective (the continuation of the world high-speed railway development). The timeline of the world high-speed railway development was analyzed from a macro point of view and the encouragement of the four worldwide industrial revolutions to the major advances of transportation technology was expounded. It is pointed out that the development of the high-speed railway goes through four stages: ferment, exploration, mature and development. The United States first suggested building high-speed railway, but it is still in the ferment stage. The high-speed railways of Japan, France and Germany are in the exploration stage. Only the Chinese high-speed railway has entered a rapid development stage. Based on the great achievements of Chinese high-speed railway, this paper expounded the path of introduction, digestion, absorption, innovation, and independent innovation in the process of Chinese high-speed railway development. The significant achievements have been made, on one hand, on the policy level, mainly due to Chinese efforts of taking the high-speed railway exploration experience of other countries and Chinese governmental ability of concentrating resources to accomplish large projects, integrating the advantages of enterprises, universities, and research institutes, and creating a national rail transit technology innovation system. On the other hand, from a technical perspective, the main reason of Chinese great achievements in high-speed railway lies in three important breakthroughs, which are technical breakthrough, theoretical breakthrough, and experimental breakthrough. The technical challenges faced by the development of high-speed railway and the research progress of key technologies of high-speed railway were discussed. The directions of the development of wheel-rail based high-speed transit and high-speed maglev in the post high-speed railway era were prospected, and the future development concepts of digital, intelligent, and smart high-speed railways were proposed so as to provide a reference for the future development of Chinese high-speed railway and to help to realize the great dream of building a great nation with modern transportation. 2 tabs, 25 figs, 40 refs.