高速公路隧道入口区域视线诱导系统有效性研究

为了达到高速公路隧道入口区域驾驶人早发现、早适应、早决策的目的，分析了隧道入口区域的交通安全现状，提出了一种高速公路隧道入口区域视线诱导系统的改善思路与方法；通过室内驾驶模拟仿真平台，利用眼动仪采集了驾驶人的眼部数据；将驾驶人浏览兴趣区域划分为5类，分析了驾驶人在各区域的眼动参数变化；采用注视点分布位置、视觉敏感区面积等指标，描述了驾驶人视区的变化规律，评价了视线诱导系统改善后的效果。研究结果表明:隧道入口区域视线诱导系统改善后，驾驶人对道路前方远处的浏览时间占比(50.55%)、注视时间占比(53.13%)相比现状方案均有显著的提升，且扫视幅度(5.47°)明显减小；改善后驾驶人的注视点更加集中于前方远处，而道路两侧的注视点减少；现状方案中驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在距离隧道洞口180 m左右处急剧减小，在隧道内又开始缓慢增大；改善后驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在距离隧道洞口350 m左右处开始减小，此后一直保持相对平稳的状态；改善后驾驶人的视觉敏感区面积在各隧道区域的变化速度均小于现状方案。视线诱导系统的有效性得到了验证，使得驾驶人更加关注道路前方远处及洞内的交通信息，同时视区变化幅度更小，并且视觉负荷降低。 

Research on effectiveness of visual guiding system in entrance zone of freeway tunnel

To achieve the purpose of early recognition, early adaptation, and early decision-making for drivers in entrance zones of freeway tunnels, the present traffic situation of tunnel entrance zones was analyzed, and an idea and method for improving the visual guiding system in entrance zones of freeway tunnels were proposed. Using an indoor driving simulation platform, the driver's eye data were collected with an eye tracker. The driver's area of interest was divided into five regions, and the changes in the eye movement parameters in each region were analyzed. The change rules of drivers' sight zones were described based on the gaze point distribution and the area of visually sensitive zone. The effect after the improvement were evaluated. Research result shows that after the improvement of visual guiding system for the entrance zone of the tunnel, drivers' browsing time ratio (45.97%) and gaze time ratio (39.02%) at a far distance from the road improve significantly compared to the current plan, and the saccade amplitude (5.47°) reduces significantly. After the improvement, gaze points are more concentrated at a far distance of the road, while gaze points on both sides of the road reduce. In the current plan, the area of visually sensitive zone decreases sharply approximately 180 m away from the tunnel portal and increases slowly in the tunnel. After the improvement, the area of visually sensitive zone decreases approximately 350 m away from the tunnel portal and remains relatively stable thereafter. After the improvement, the change speed of drivers' area of the visually sensitive zone in each tunnel zone is less than that before the improvement. The effectiveness of visual guiding system is verified. It allows drivers to pay more attention to traffic information at a far distance of the road and in the tunnel. At the same time, the transition amplitude of sight zone is smaller, and the visual load reduces. 10 tabs, 12 figs, 32 refs.