考虑社交距离的综合客运枢纽换乘衔接效果评价

为降低新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在综合客运枢纽内传播扩散的风险，枢纽内均要求行人保持一定的社交距离。针对现有研究缺乏评价社交距离对枢纽换乘衔接效果影响的问题，通过引入疫情传播扩散风险指标（该指标值越高，代表疫情传播风险越低）构建更新的评价体系。采用CRITIC-熵权法计算各评价指标的权重，并通过优劣解距离法（TOPSIS）评价模型对不同社交距离下的换乘衔接效果进行评价分析。以重庆西站为例，通过Anylogic软件模拟换乘衔接情况，输出各项评价指标值。结果显示：平均客流密度过高点位数、进站口排队时间、进站时间和进站率对综合客运枢纽换乘衔接效果评价的影响较为显著；使综合客运枢纽换乘衔接效果最优的社交距离为1 m，且相对于社交距离为2，1.5，0 m，换乘衔接效果综合评价水平分别提高60.53%，34.50%和25.71%，其中进出站时间指标和进出站效率指标评价值平均提高20.86%和47.79%，疫情传播扩散风险指标评价值平均提高53.74%；当不进行社交距离限制时，换乘衔接效果综合评价水平平均降低7.77%，进出站时间指标和进出站效率指标评价值分别平均提高47.08%和60.00%，而疫情传播扩散风险指标评价值平均低70.09%。

An Evaluation of Connectivity of Transfer in Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hubs Considering Social Distance

In order to reduce the risk of the spread of the COVID-19 in comprehensive passenger transport hubs, passengers are required to maintain a certain social distance. In response to the lack of literatures regarding the influences of keeping social distance on connectivity of transfer in the transport hubs, an improved index systemis proposed to reflect the impacts of keeping social distance by introducing an index of riskof epidemic spreading (the higher the value of the index, the lower the risk of epidemic spreading). Specifically, the CRITIC-entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of each index, and the TOPSIS evaluation model is used to analyze the connectivity of transfer in comprehensive passenger transport hubs with different social distances. Taking Chongqing West Railway Station as a case study, the corresponding connectivity of transfer is simulated by Anylogic software, then the value of each evaluation indexis output. The results reveal the following conclusions. First, indices including the number of over-density points of average passengers flow, queuing time atstation entrances, entry time, and entry rate have significant effects on the evaluation of passengers' transfer in comprehensive passenger transportation hubs. Second, thesocial distance for optimal connectivity of transfer is 1 m, comparing to the social distance of 2, 1.5, and 0 m, its comprehensive evaluation level of connectivity increases by 60.53%, 34.50%, and 25.71%, respectively. In detail, the values of indices of entry-exit time and efficiency averagely increase by 20.86% and 47.79%, respectively. The value of index ofrisk of epidemic spreading averagely increases by 53.74%. Third, when no social distance restriction is imposed, the comprehensive evaluation level of connectivity averagely decreases by 7.77%, and the values ofindices of entry-exit times and efficiencies increase by 47.08% and 60.00%, respectively, while the value of index of risk of epidemic spreading is 70.09% lower on average.