电气化公路技术研究

交通是能源消纳的重要领域,其对社会能源结构的调整和节能减排具有重要的影响和带动作用。在陆路交通方面,轨道交通和小型客运车辆的电气化发展方向相对清晰,而公路货运尚无明确的技术路线。为充分利用清洁能源,减少化石能源在交通领域中的使用,发展并推广电气化公路技术,对重载卡车的蓄电池、燃料电池、混合动力3种电气化方案进行对比分析,结合卡车负载的特点,对不同电气化方案进行评估。研究融合新能源发电及并网、混合动力技术、智能驾驶技术的电气化公路技术,从车辆动力技术、供电线路、受电弓与计费、新能源并网、编组智能驾驶运行5个方面对电气化公路方案进行介绍,可以实现公路货运系统的绿色、安全、高效运行。以10公里线路电气化为例,进行规划和成本估算,构建单车和区域(或路段)电气化的运营成本计算模型,基于燃油消耗和阻力分析2种方法进行计算。对车辆购置及改装、基础设施建设、可再生能源发电、系统环保效益等4个方面进行技术分析与成本测算。从供能技术变革、商业模式和推广路线3个角度对电气化公路技术的未来推广进行论证展望。研究结果表明:电气化公路技术的应用与规模化能够带来巨大的经济与环境收益,其中的混合动力方案与架空线输电方案为面对未来可能的储能技术变革与无线输电普及打下重要的基础,提供了拓展空间,也是重载货车实现智能驾驶的重要步骤;与燃油驱动相比,电驱动百公里成本减少96元,单一重卡年运营成本减少18.8万元,百公里污染物(如:碳氧化物、氮氧化物等)均减少50%以上。

Electrical Highway Application

Transportation is an important aspect of energy consumption. It makes a real difference in modifying the energy structure of a society by realizing conservation and reducing pollution emission. As for road transportation, railway and small passenger vehicles have clear routes for development. However, the development of the route for road freight transportation is still obscure. To maximize the use of clean energy and decrease the use of fossil energy, the concept of electrical highway was analyzed. Based on the industrial survey analysis and calculation, three methods (battery, fuel cell, and hybrid power) to enable transportation by trucks to be more electrical were compared in this study. These methods were assessed considering the load characteristics. The study also focused on the technology that integrates the electrical highway with the renewable energy, hybrid power, and intelligent driving. Other factors, such as the introduction of the motive power of force, destruction of power lines, pantograph and billing, renewable energy sources, and autonomous group-running technology were also considered. The electrical highway can make the freight transportation system cleaner, safer, and more efficient. Based on the construction of a 10 km road, the modifications required in trucks, infrastructure construction, and profits of renewable power generation and environmental protection were analyzed to evaluate the type and cost of technology required. The operating cost model of both single truck and in an area was determined based on the fuel consumption and calculation of resistance. The evolution of power supply, business model, and developing routes have been included in the future development section. The results prove that the application of an electrical highway is economically and environmentally beneficial. The use of hybrid power and overhead power transmission provides a good extension to the evolution of storage technology and popularization of wireless transmission. The electrical highway also enables safe driving. In comparison to fossil fuel, using vehicles driven by electricity reduces the cost of traveling by 96 per 100 km. The operating cost for a single heavy truck reduces by 188,000 per year. Additionally, pollutants, such as carbon and nitrogen oxides, reduce by more than 50% per 100 km.