汽车尾气路面净化材料研究进展与思考

汽车尾气的排放严重影响空气质量，危害人类身体健康。为了减少尾气排放，汽车领域做了很多努力，包括机内净化与机外净化。作为尾气排放后最近的接触源，从道路角度切入进行治理，也被认为是行之有效的途径，近年来一直是国际上研究的热点领域。为了深入了解汽车尾气路面净化材料的发展，系统地梳理并回顾了汽车尾气净化过程中使用的催化材料的研究进展、面临的问题以及应用前景。催化材料主要包括二氧化钛基催化剂、贵金属催化剂、ABO₃钙钛矿结构催化剂、介孔材料催化剂以及其他催化剂，分析了不同催化剂的作用机理以及优缺点。由于道路实际的开放条件、尾气净化材料与尾气接触不够充分、易于达到自身净化极限等问题，从梳理高效路面尾气净化材料的改善技术出发，提出了路面汽车尾气净化材料研究的发展方向，即降低贵金属用量、开发新型稀土复合氧化光催化材料，以及多元化、功能化发展等。这一领域的研究，显示出路面尾气净化技术的光明应用前景。

Research Progress on Automobile Exhaust Pavement Purification Materials

The emission of automobile exhaust gas seriously affects air quality and endangers human health. The automobile industry has made significant effort to reduce exhaust emissions, including in-machine purification and off-board purification. As the nearest contact location after exhaust emissions, road surfaces are an effective way to reduce exhaust and have been a hot topic of recent international research. To understand the development of automotive exhaust gas pavement purification materials, this paper systematically reviews the research progress, problems, and application prospects of catalytic materials used in automobile exhaust gas purification. The catalytic materials include titanium dioxide-based photocatalysts, noble metal catalysts, ABO₃ perovskite catalysts, and mesoporous materials catalysts. The mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of different catalysts were analyzed. Because of the open conditions of roads, there may be insufficient contact between the purification material and exhaust gas, and the catalyst may easily reach its own purification limit. Based on the improved technology of high-efficiency exhaust gas purification materials, the development of automobile exhaust pavement purification materials was proposed, namely, by reducing the amount of precious metals, developing new rare-earth composite oxidation photocatalytic materials, and by diversified and functional development. Research in this field shows high potential for application of the pavement exhaust gas purification technology.