沥青路面抗滑性能研究现状与展望

作为未来道路交通荷载的主流形式，车辆的行驶稳定性与路面抗滑性能存在着直接关系，而且随着时间变化，沥青路面的抗滑性能受各种不确定性因素的影响。为了明确国内外沥青路面抗滑性能的研究现状，对胎-路接触力学模型和路面附着特性、动摩擦因数的计算方法、不确定性影响因素、抗滑性能评价指标和衰变模型以及抗滑性能在无人驾驶车辆安全性中的应用等热点问题研究进展进行了综述与总结，对比分析了现有沥青路面与橡胶轮胎的接触力学模型，探讨了设计、施工及运营阶段中的不确定性因素，归纳了现有沥青路面抗滑性能评价指标及衰变模型，最后论述了沥青路面抗滑性能的发展方向。分析结果表明：基于路表分形理论的Persson迟滞摩擦理论更适用于沥青路面动摩擦因数的计算要求，计入了橡胶对表面粗糙度的有关尺度变形响应及滑动摩擦的温度依存性；考虑路表峰值附着系数时变性的摩擦因数-滑移率（μ-s）曲线附着系数估算方法更能反映路面实际附着特性；当前沥青路面抗滑性能研究在胎-路相互作用机理、评价指标、衰变模型等方面研究不足，需要从时变性、统一性及车辆抗滑需求感应参数等方面进一步深入研究。推行基于时间效应的抗滑评价指标是沥青路面抗滑层设计与抗滑性能评价发展的必然趋势，也是提高中国沥青路面全寿命周期内服役水平的重要方法。

Research Status and Progress for Skid Resistance Performance of Asphalt Pavements

Vehicles will be the principal form of road traffic load in the future, and their operational stability is directly related to the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavements. The anti-sliding performance of asphalt pavements is affected by various uncertain factors. To understand the current status of research on skid resistance performance in asphalt pavement fields at home and abroad, current research advances on several topics were overviewed and summarized. These topics included contact mechanical models for tire-pavements, road adhesion properties, calculation method for kinetic friction coefficients, uncertainty factors, evaluation indices, and attenuation models of anti-sliding performance. The research also focused on the applications of anti-skid performance in the safety of autonomous vehicles. The existing contact mechanical methods of tire-pavement were comparatively analyzed, the uncertain factors in the design, construction and operation stage were discussed, and the existing evaluation indices and attenuation models of skid resistance performance were summarized. Finally, prospective developments in the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavements were discussed. Analysis results show that Persson's theory of hysteresis friction, which is based on fractal theory, is applicable to the calculation of the dynamic friction coefficient of asphalt pavements. The dimensional deformation of rubber as a response to surface roughness and the temperature dependence of sliding friction were also considered. The adhesion coefficient estimation method based on the μ-s curve could estimate the actual adhesion characteristics of asphalt pavement more accurately by considering the variability of the peak adhesion coefficient of the road surface. There are several limitations in the current research associated with skid resistance of asphalt pavements, including the tire-pavement interaction mechanism, evaluation indices, and attenuation models. Further research should be focused on time-varying characteristics, uniformity, and perception parameters for the skid resistance requirements of autonomous vehicles. To summarize, the implementation of the anti-sliding evaluation index based on time effects is invaluable in the development of pavement anti-sliding layer designs and evaluation of asphalt pavement skid resistance. It is also an important way to improve the service performance throughout the lifetime of asphalt pavements in China.