山区道路工程与环境协调的设计原理

研究目的：山区道路沿线自然环境脆弱，道路下程建设引发的急待解决的主要环境问题有：隧道排水导致山区水资源涸竭，路堑高边坡破坏植被，路堑开挖诱发工程滑坡，工程弃方引起水土流失。 研究方法：为解决这些工程环境问题，从工程与环境的相瓦作用出发，归纳了相应的与环境协调的设计原理。 研究结果：（1）通过建立隧道工程与水环境的相互作用链，提出基于水环境平衡的隧道“以堵为主”的防排水设计原理，以防治洞顶水环境灾害和隧道水害；（2）通过分析边坡高度与支挡工程的关系和边坡防护与生态环境的关系，提出控制路基边坡高度的支挡收坡设计原理，为路基高边坡的防治提供对策；（3）通过分析路堑边坡的工程路径与坡体岩土的响应，将传统的自上向下开挖再自下而上支护的工程路径更新为自上而下分级支护和坡脚预加固工程路径的路堑边坡设计施工新理念，以保持开挖坡体的稳定；（4）针对工程弃方所致环境问题，提出沟头填垦的工程弃方开发性处理原理。 研究结论：上述道路工程与环境协调的设计原理可从源头上控制主要的道路工程环境问题。转变固有的设计观念，更新为与环境协调的设计理念，需要一个深化认识的过程。加之这些道路工程与环境协调的设计原理还尚待完善，因此能引起同行对道路工程环境问题及其设计对策的关注，就达到了本文的目的。

DESIGN PRINCIPLES ON THE COORDINATING BETWEEN ROAD ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREA

Research purpose:In mountain area, main environmental problems of urgent solution caused by construction of road engineering. There are:depletion of water resource caused by drainage from tunnel, plant cover is destroyed by high cutting slope, engineering landslide caused by cut, and loss of soil cased of waste bank. Research method: Based on analyzed interaction between the engineering and environment, this paper summarized below design principles on coordinating between road engineering and environment for preventing the environmental problems. Research result: (1) this paper summed up a leading principle in tunnel waterproof and drainage design of "water environmental balance" with choking up underground water , in order to prevent and control water environmental hazard of ground above tunnel and sluicing hazard in tunnel by establishing interaction chain between tunnel engineering and water environment; (2) this paper analysed the relations between the slope height, support engineering and between protective of the slope and ecological environment; summed up a design subgrade principle of reducing slope height with support engineering, in order to advance prevention countermeasure for high cutting slope; (3) this paper analysed the relations between engineering way of cutting slope of subgrade and response of rock-soil mass in the slope; gave up traditional engineering way , which cutting from up to low and support from low to up, to renew turn into a new ideal of design and construction, which is gradual support from up to low and beforehand reinforce in slope foot, in order to kept stability of the cutting slope; (4) this paper summed up a principle of accumulation and reclamation of waste in valley heat area, aiming at environmental problem caused by engineering waste soil.Research conclusion: aforesaid design principles on coordinating between road engineering and environment can control main environmental problems which caused by road engineering in source.