考虑用户偏好的共享汽车混合运营模式优化

针对共享汽车运营商的油车和电车混合车队调度问题，本文将自由流动式和站点借还式两种运营模式相结合，提出考虑用户用车类型偏好的共享汽车系统优化模型。模型为油车和电车车队分别设置了自由流动式和站点借还式的运营模式，并进行运营范围决策、站点选址和车辆调度优化；运营商优先满足用户的用车类型偏好选择，对无法满足偏好的用户进行补贴。根据优化模型基本特征，设计基于梯度的启发式求解方法，对大规模非线性混合整数规划模型进行求解；针对案例区域，比较有无补贴的混合车队模式和单一车队模式的优化结果。结果表明：相比无补贴模式，有补贴模式能够鼓励偏好燃油汽车的用户更多地使用电动汽车，需求满足率从73.4%提高到78.2%，运营商利润提高了46.4%；相比单一类型车队，混合车队能够吸引更多用户使用共享汽车，用户需求数提高了40.6%。

Optimization of Hybrid Carsharing Operation Considering User Preference

This paper focuses on the scheduling problem of a hybrid fleet of gas vehicles (GV) and electric vehicles (EV) and proposes an integrated carsharing optimization model that combines free-floating and station-based service types and considers user preferences for vehicle types. The model establishes free-floating service for gas vehicles and station-based service for electric vehicles to determine the operational region, the charger locations, and the scheduling of vehicles. Operators satisfy user preferences as a priority and subsidize unsatisfied users. According to the basic characteristics of the model, a gradient-based heuristic method is designed to solve the large-scale mixed integer nonlinear programming model. A case study is conducted to compare optimization results with or without subsidy, using a hybrid or single fleet. The results indicate that the subsidy mode encourages unsatisfied GV users to make more use of EVs. Compared with the non-subsidy mode, the demand fulfillment rate increases from 73.4% to 78.2%, and the operator profit increases by 46.4% in the subsidy mode. The hybrid fleet attracts more users to the carsharing system with 40.6% more demand trips than the single-type fleet.