基于生产泊位资源共享的港航物流信息系统构建

为解决邻近地域的港口群泊位资源结构性过剩问题，以港口群内泊位资源共享为基础，构建面向船舶运输方、货主方和港口方的港航物流信息系统。引入排队论和随机过程等理论，建立包含港口群干/支航线网络搭建(时空分配模型)以及腹地货流分配和船舶挂靠港选择(双层规划模型)等模块的仿真模型。采用设计的时空网络分析方法和具有双门限值的双层迭代算法求解仿真模型，验证模型参数的灵敏度，并进行具体算例分析。仿真结果表明：观察周期、腹地货物到达频率及干/支线可通阈值等的变化将影响货物到达数量或干/支线开通条件，进而影响港口群内航线网络结构，船舶到达频率的变化将影响港口群运输能力，泊位共享的等泊时间和共享成本阈值的变化将决定是否能够实现共享；通过物流系统实现共享时，港口群4个观察周期的3类干线和1类支线的总等泊时间和物流成本比不共享时分别减少23%和16.4%。

Construction of Port and Shipping Logistics Information System Based on Production Berth Resource Sharing

In order to solve the problem of structural berth resource excess in port groups in adjacent regions, a new type of port and shipping logistics information system for ship carriers, cargo owners, and ports is built based on the sharing of berth resources in the port group. By introducing the queuing theory and stochastic process theory, a simulation model is established, which includes the building of trunk and branch route network of the port group (by a space-time allocation model), hinterland cargo flow allocation, and ship docking port selection (in a bi-level programming model). The simulation model is solved by using the designed spatio-temporal network analysis method and the two-level iterative algorithm with double threshold values. The sensitivity of model parameters is verified, and a specific example is analyzed. Simulation results show that changes in the observation period, hinterland cargo arrival frequency, and trunk/branch line pass- ability thresholds affect the route network structure within the port cluster by influencing the number of cargo arrivals or trunk/branch line opening conditions. Changes in vessel arrival frequency affect the transport capacity of the port cluster. Changes in berth sharing waiting time and sharing cost thresholds determine whether sharing can be achieved. When sharing is achieved through the logistics information system, the total berthing time and logistics costs of 3 trunk routes and 1 feeder route in the port cluster, observed in four periods, are 23% and 16.4% lower than those without sharing.