专用道条件下电动公交线路静态无线充电设施布局优化

为了减少电动公交线路静态无线充电设施的布设成本，从而提高时间控制点的有效利用率，提出了考虑时间控制点影响的静态无线充电设施布局优化方法。首先建立电动公交车运行状态表达模型，提出乘客出行时间成本增加量计算方法；随后在总松弛时间、电池剩余电量、准点率的约束下，将每个站点是否布设静态无线充电设施、是否设置为时间控制点以及对应的松弛时间作为优化变量，将充电设施总布设成本与乘客出行时间成本增加量最小以及站点有效利用率最大作为优化目标，建立专用道条件下静态无线充电设施布局优化模型，并采用嵌入随机模拟技术的麻雀搜索优化算法进行求解；最后以一条实际线路为例进行案例分析，并对电池容量、充电功率进行敏感性分析。研究结果表明：在满足不同班次电量需求的前提下，充电设施的总布设成本、乘客出行时间成本增加量随着电池容量或者静态无线充电功率的增加而减少，且充电设施的总布设成本呈阶梯形状变化。

Layout Optimization of Static Wireless Charging Facilities for Electric Bus Routes with Dedicated Bus Lanes

To reduce the layout cost of static wireless charging (SWC) facilities for electric bus routes and improve the utilization of time control points, this paper presents an optimization method for the locations of SWC facilities considering the impact of time control points. First, a model for describing the electric bus operation state was established, and a calculation method for estimating the increase in the passenger travel time cost was proposed. Second, under the constraints of the total relax time, remaining battery power, and punctuality rate, an optimization model for the SWC facility layout was developed for the bus route with dedicated bus lanes. The objectives of the model were to minimize the cost of layout and the increase in the passenger travel time cost, and maximize the effective stop utilization rate. The optimization variables were whether each stop was equipped with SWC facilities or operated as a time control point, and the corresponding relax times. The proposed model was solved by the sparrow search optimization algorithm embedded with stochastic simulation technology. Finally, a real bus route was taken as an example to verify the developed model, and a sensitivity analysis of the battery capacity and charging power was conducted. The results show that within the power demand of different bus trips, the total layout cost of charging facilities and the increase in the passenger travel time cost decrease with an increase in the battery capacity or charging power. Additionally, the total layout cost of charging facilities changes in a gradient descent manner.