重载铁路装车端空车调配优化研究

重载铁路装车端通常为组合列车和单元列车混行，空车调配的结果影响其装出重车列的组合作业。为提升线路能力利用和加速货物运输，基于装车站对到达空车的需求，研究协同装出重车列组合优化的空车调配问题。以最小化空车列到达惩罚、最大化装出重车列组合数及最小化装出重车列组合等待时间为目标，以线路通过能力和技术站技术作业能力等为约束，构建重载铁路装车端空车调配多目标0-1规划模型，并采用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行求解。以包神铁路东线空车调配为例进行分析，结果表明，得到的空车调配方案能够使各装车站对到达空车列的惩罚值为0，与传统空车调配方法相比，有效减少了装出重车列的组合等待时间，能够为重载铁路装车端空车调配优化提供参考。

Optimization of Empty Car Distribution in Loading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The loading end of heavy haul railway is usually a mix of combined and unit trains, and empty train distribution affects the combined operation of their loaded trains. To enhance the utilization of line capacity and accelerate cargo transportation, the empty car distribution is studied by considering the loaded train combination, based on the loading station demand for arriving empty trains. A multi-objective 0-1 planning model to minimize the arrival penalty of empty trains, maximize the number of loaded train combinations, and minimize the loaded train combination waiting time is constructed by taking the section capacity and operation capacity of technical stations as constraints and solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elite strategy (NSGA-II). Finally, through the application of empty car distribution at the east line of the Baoshen railway, the results show that the penalty for arriving empty trains can reach 0. Compared with the traditional empty car distribution method, it effectively reduces the combination waiting time of loaded trains and can be used for empty car distribution in the loading end of heavy haul railways.