高速列车薄壁型材激光-MIG复合焊对接焊缝检测

现有检测方法分析表明,高速列车车体薄壁型材激光-MIG复合焊焊接结构内部形状复杂,板厚度较薄,常规焊缝焊接质量无损检测方法不易实施。针对此问题,提出超声爬波检测工艺,通过设计型材结构试块和人工模拟缺陷试块,研究型材结构对超声爬波检测的影响。利用该检测工艺对实际焊接试块进行检测,并与X射线检测及有损试验(拉伸试验)结果对比,验证超声爬波检测结果的准确性。结果表明:X射线对于气孔和未焊透缺陷检测效果良好,但由于检测方式与防护特殊,检测速度缓慢,不能满足高速列车车体铝合金薄壁型材焊接结构现场检测需求,可作为辅助的检测手段,用于少量抽查检测;超声爬波可检测当量大于等于0.25mm的未焊透焊缝,爬波检测结果与实际未焊透缺陷对应良好,可用于铝合金薄壁型材复合焊接头焊接质量检验。建议以10mm×0.2mm×0.5mm刻痕的回波幅度作为焊缝是否合格的判据。

Detection of Butt Weld of Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding of Thin-Walled Profile for High Speed Train

The analysis of existing detection methods showed that the laser-MIG composite welding structure of the thin-walled profile for high speed train body had a complex internal shape and thinner plate,so it was difficult to implement the conventional non-destructive inspection method of welding quality.In order to solve this problem,the ultrasonic creeping wave detection technology was proposed.The impact of the profile structure on the creeping wave detection was studied by designing profile structural test blocks and artificial simulation defect test blocks.The detection technology was used to test the actual welded test blocks,and compared with the results of X-ray test and destructive test(tensile test)to verify the accuracy of the ultrasonic creeping wave test results.Results show that X-ray has better effect on the inspection of porosities and incomplete penetration defects.However,due to special detection method and protection,the detection speed is slow,which can’t meet the requirements of field inspection of the welding structure of aluminum alloy thin-walled profile for high speed train body.It can be used as an auxiliary detection method for a small number of sampling inspection.The ultrasonic creeping wave can be used to detect the incomplete penetration welds with the equivalent of 0.25 mm or more.The results of creeping wave detection correspond well with the actual incomplete penetration defects,which can be used for the welding quality inspection of aluminum alloy thin-walled profile composite welding joints.It is recommended to use the echo amplitude of the 10 mm×0.2 mm×0.5 mm notch as the criterion for weld qualification.