基于微震监测的高速铁路大跨度过渡段隧道开挖损伤区分布特性及演化规律

基于微震监测技术具有识别岩体损伤位置、程度和大小以及破坏进程的优势,以新建京张高速铁路八达岭长城站大跨度过渡段隧道为研究对象,在隧道地表与洞周布设微震测点,实现立体式、全方位的微震事件监测。根据监测结果,分析围岩损伤区分布特性及演化规律。结果表明:根据微震事件分布密度,可将微震事件分为高密度区、中密度区和低密度区;微震事件累计分布频率为60%的边界可作为高密度区与中密度区的交界,累计分布频率为80%的边界可作为中密度区与低密度区的交界;微震事件高密度区对应为围岩高损伤区,围岩高损伤区受围岩级别和隧道跨度的双重影响,给出基于这2个参数的隧道不同位置处围岩高损伤区深度预测公式;围岩损伤程度采用微震事件的平均矩震级参数标度;围岩损伤区深度与围岩变形之间存在较强的正相关性及阶段性。基于围岩高损伤区深度,进行预应力锚索(杆)设计,结合围岩变形结果,验证了锚索(杆)设计参数的安全性。

Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Law of Excavation Damage Zone in Large-Span Transition Section of High-Speed Railway Tunnel Based on Microseismic Monitoring

Microseismic monitoring technique has great advantages on identifying the location,extent and mechanism of damage process occurring in rock mass.In-situ test using microseismic monitoring technique is carried out in the large-span transition tunnel of Badaling Great Wall Station of Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway.An intelligent microseismic monitoring system is built with symmetry monitoring point layout both on the mountain surface and inside the tunnel to achieve three-dimensional and all-round monitoring results.The distribution characteristics and evolution law of excavation damage zone of surrounding rock are analyzed based on microseismic monitoring data.Results show that microseismic events can be divided into high density area,medium density area and low density area according to the density distribution of microseismic events.The positions where the cumulative distribution frequencies of microseismic events are 60% and 80% are identified as the boundaries between high and medium density areas,and between medium and low density areas respectively.The high density area of microseismic events is regarded as the high excavation damage zone of surrounding rock,which is affected by the grade of surrounding rock and the span of tunnel.The prediction formulas for the depth of high excavation damage zone of surrounding rock at different tunnel positions are given considering these two parameters.The scale of the average moment magnitude parameters of microseismic events is adopted to describe the damage degree of surrounding rock.The strong positive correlation and multistage characteristics between the depth of excavation damage zone and deformation of surrounding rock are revealed.Based on the depth of high excavation damage zone of surrounding rock,the prestressed anchor cable(rod)is designed,and the safety of anchor cable(rod)design parameters is verified by the deformation results of surrounding rock.