基于不同热管理方案的动力电池低温动力性研究

动力电池在低温环境中功率特性变差和充放电效率下降是制约电动汽车发展的因素之一。为提升动力电池低温动力性,基于AMESim的1D仿真模型对不同热管理方案下动力电池目标功率的持续时间进行了研究。结果表明,动力电池预加热方案在一定程度上提升了动力电池低温动力性,但是预加热方案不仅受预加热电量来源、动力电池初始SOC以及环境温度的影响,还会在动力电池初始SOC较高时造成电量浪费;动力电池预加热+行驶加热方案不仅能提升动力电池低温动力性,还可以避免动力电池在初始SOC较高时进行预加热造成电量浪费。通过不同热管理方案下动力电池低温动力性的研究,对电动汽车低温行车过程中热管理方案提供一定的指导。

A Study on the Power Performance of Power Battery at Low-Temperature Based on Different Thermal Management Schemes

The deteriorating power characteristics and the decreasing charge/discharge efficiency of power batteries in low temperature environment are restricting the development of electric vehicles. The 1D simulation model based on AMESim was used to analyze the influence of two low-temperature thermal management schemes on the duration of maintaining the target amount of power in power batteries. The results show that the low-temperature power performance of power batteries can be improved to some extent by the preheating scheme. However, the preheating scheme is influenced by multiple factors including the preheating power source, the initial SOC of the power battery and the ambient temperature, and meanwhile leads to power waste at high initial SOC values. The combination of the preheating scheme and the driving-heating scheme can not only improve the low-temperature power performance of the power battery, but also solve the problem of power waste mentioned above. The paper provides some guidance on thermal management schemes during the operation of electric vehicles at low temperature.