基于上落客时空特征的出租车停靠站选址模型

为了规范出租车运营,改善出行者候车环境,提高出租车经营效益,进行基于出租车出行需求特征的停靠站选址研究有着十分重要的现实意义.本文首先界定了出租车出行需求时空热点的含义,基于样本出租车GPS数据研究出行需求的时空聚集特征,得到了出行高峰时段和出行热点区域.将出行需求作为依据应用于出租车停靠站选址,提出了基于最大覆盖的停靠站选址模型,同时结合出行者的不确定性交通行为和消费特点,在车站服务能力、出行者步行距离和计划修建数量等方面分析了模型的适用条件.实例区域的选址研究结果表明,以客观需求为依据的选址方法,可以更好地契合出行者的出行需求,具有较高的实用性.

A Location Model for Taxi Stands Based on Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Taxi Pick-ups and Drop-offs

In order to regulate taxi operation, improve waiting environment and promote taxi management benefit, a location method considering travel demands is proposed. In this paper, the spatial-temporal hotspot of travel demands are defined, and the aggregation characteristics of travel demands are analyzed through taxi GPS data, as well as hot-periods and hot-spots of travel demands are gotten. Based on travel demands, a maximal covering location model is constructed. Combined with the uncertainty of travel behavior and consumption characteristics of customers, the applicable conditions of the model in the aspect of service ability, distance and quantities are analyzed. The results of case study indicated that, location method based on the objective characteristics and with high practicability can better correspond to travel demands.