基于出行成本分析的公交系统乘车均衡模型与制度安排

公交优先是缓解城市拥堵的重要方法.按照Wardrop 用户均衡原则，通过考虑乘客候车时间成本、乘车时间成本、换乘时间成本和车内拥挤成本，对包含两条线路（一条为一票直达线路，一条为支线干线线路）的公交系统建立出行选择均衡模型，并基于乘客个人出行成本的分析，得到了固定需求下用户均衡时两条线路选择人数和系统最优时两线路的最优发车频率.还在弹性需求情形下比较了系统最优和公交公司垄断情形两种不同政策所导致的均衡出行人数、公交票价、发车频率、公司利润和社会净收益等指标.算例结果验证了理论分析，得到了与传统经济学理论研究一致的结果，为相关管理政策的制定提供了理论科学依据.

Commuting Cost Analysis-based Equilibrium Ride Model and System Configuration for Providing Bus Services

Bus priority is one of the important methods to relieve urban congestion. Based on the Wardrop''s user equilibrium principle, this paper investigates the riding behavior of commuters who take buses from a living place to a work place in a transit system with feeder- truck lines. The equilibrium bus riding model proposed in this paper incorporates such costs as that associated with average waiting time in the bus stop, invehicle time and transferring time as well as body congestion in buses. The optimal bus frequency is derived in the case of fixed demand. In the elastic demand case, the fare level, bus frequency, the company net profit and the system net benefit are obtained and compared with two types of system configurations, namely system optimum and monopoly by one bus company, respectively. A numerical example is presented to verify the theoretical results which are consistent with classical economics theory. The finding can be helpful in designing the transportation management policies.