轮轨疲劳损伤模拟实验研究及展望

轮轨的疲劳损伤严重影响高速重载铁路运行安全,其研究受到广泛的关注和重视.本文总结了目前轮轨疲劳损伤行为的主要研究方法,指出了模拟实验是研究轮轨疲劳损伤的一种重要手段;介绍了西南交通大学轮轨摩擦学课题组利用轮轨模拟试验机开展的系列国产轮轨材料疲劳损伤模拟实验结果,分析了影响轮轨表面疲劳裂纹损伤的关键因素,阐明了轮轨材料次表面疲劳损伤的形成与扩展规律,初步研究了低温环境对轮轨材料疲劳损伤行为的影响;最后,展望了复杂服役工况(高寒、高温、高湿、雨雪、风沙、雾霾、柳絮)下我国轮轨材料疲劳损伤研究未来需深入开展的研究内容. 

Research and Prospects of Simulation Experiment on Wheel/Rail Fatigue Damage

The wheel/rail fatigue damage significantly influences the operation safety of high-speed and heavy-haul railways. The research obtains widespread attention. This paper summarized main research methods of the wheel/rail fatigue damage. It was noted that the simulation experiment had became an important research method for the wheel/rail fatigue damage. Experimental results of the wheel/rail fatigue damage by the wheel/rail simulation machine in the wheel/rail group of Southwest Jiaotong University were introduced in detail. The key factors affecting surface fatigue damage of the wheel/rail were analyzed,the formation and propagation rules of subsurface fatigue damage of the wheel/rail materials were clarified. The effect of low temperature in the wheel/rail fatigue damage was explored. In conclusion, the future studies in the wheel/rail materials fatigue damage in China will be proposed under complex conditions(high cold, high temperature, high humidity, rain and snow, sand blown by wind, fog and haze, catkin).