既有线提速至200 km/h工务存在的问题及其对策

研究目的：第六次大提速中我国铁路既有线提速200km／h的线路延展里程达到6003km，与低速相比较，200km／h对工务提出了更严格的要求，特别是在我国既有线提速200km／h要同时满足200km／h动车组、120km／h货物列车、25t轴重双层集装箱共线运行。为使广大工务工作者更好地适应200km／h的高标准、高平顺性的要求，本文主要从作者亲身参加第六次大提速多次试验中发现的14个问题，对晃车现象进行分析，反思在设计、施工，验收、养护维修等方面普遍存在的问题，初步提出了200km／h地段工务在检测、作业、复测、安全、管理、培训等方面对策和应进一步研究的问题。研究结论：适应200km／h的高标准，提出工务工作的初步对策，包括：检测问题，作业问题，加强钢轨管理问题，轨道结构，长波长检测，大机配套，道碴管理问题，消除曲线、道岔位置不准、坡度不准的问题，试验确定200km／h轨道动态、静态不平顺容许偏差管理值的问题，加强人员培训，建立健全各项管理制度，保证天窗配套，做好路基排水，抓好治安防范、防盗、防护等问题。并提出下一步应重点研究：大机的引进及配套，静态检测工具和工区作业工具的研发，预防性打磨规律的摸索，弄清路基沉降规律以确保过渡段刚度均匀；提高桥梁抗挠曲变形的刚度，通过设计、制造、施工等多个方面综合采取措施提高道岔结构本身和岔区的平顺性，以及既有线客车提速200km／h对桥梁的振动问题和疲劳问题。

Problems in Track Maintenance of Existing Railway Line with Speed Raising to 200 km/h and Its Countermeasures

Research purposes: The total length of existing railway line with speed raising to 200 km/h will be expanded to 6 003 km in China after six-round speed up.Compared with the low-speed line,200 km/h line requires more strict track maintenance,especially in China,track maintenance should meet the requirements of existing line with speed raising to 200 km/h for mixed running of 200 km/h motor train set,120 km/h freight train and double deck(container) train with axle load of 25 t.The analysis is made for the train-shaking phenomenon from the fourteen(problems) found in several experiments for six-round speed up,the rethink is made on the common problems existed in the areas of design,construction,acceptance and maintenance,and the issues necessary for being further studied are presented primarily for track maintenance in areas of inspection,operation,repeated inspection,safety,management and training,in order to make workers of track maintenance to fit in with high standard and requirements of 200 km/h for high regularity. Research conclusions:In order to meet the high requirement of 200 km/h line,the primary countermeasures are(proposed) for track maintenance,including inspection,operation,strengthening management of rail,track structure,(inspection) of long slope,large-sized machine maintenance,ballast management,solving the problems of curve,switch position and slope improperly,testing and deciding tolerance values of dynamic and static irregularity of 200 km/h line,strengthening person training,establishing all kinds of systems and regulations,guaranteeing skylight,subgrade drainage and well doing the protection work of track.Also the issues necessary for being further studied are proposed,including introduction of large-sized machines and their match,research and development of inspectional and operational tools under static status,finding out the law of preventive grinding,finding out the law of subgrade settlement in order to(guarantee) the even of transition area,improving rigidity of bridge against disturbance deformation,taking overall(measures) in the areas of design,fabricating and construction for improving the regularity of switch structure and switch area and the vibration on bridge and bridge fatigue caused by 200 km/h train.