深海载人潜水器耐压球壳极限强度研究

对现有的潜水器耐压壳的研究主要都围绕薄壳结构,而深海载人潜水器耐压球壳,已属于厚壳的范围.国际上还没有均匀外压下厚球壳的解析解,只有美国海军泰勒水池耐压球壳设计公式及俄罗斯相应的公式可以参考.因此本文基于有限元的分析方法,对大深度载人潜水器耐压球壳极限强度进行了研究.通过对有限元参数的比较,提出了一个合理的有限元分析模型,计算结果与实验数据相符,而泰勒水池公式及俄罗斯公式的误差较大.然后计算了一系列半径厚度比下的耐压球壳的极限强度,并研究了初挠度的影响.本文认为对于深海载人潜水器耐压球壳可以直接根据有限元计算确定其极限强度,泰勒水池公式和俄罗斯公式偏于保守;耐压球壳经过精加工,初挠度对于其极限强度的影响不大.为了实用起见,本文还给出了完善耐压球壳极限强度与经典值的比值曲线,以及初挠度效应曲线.

Ultimate strength of pressure spherical hull in deep-sea manned submersibles

Most of present researches on the submersibles pressure hulls are based on thin shell theory,but pressure spherical shells of deep-sea manned submersibles are indeed thick shells.Currently there is no analytical solution about thick spherical hulls under uniform pressure,only American Navy Taylor Model Basin formula and Russian formula are available.In this paper,finite element (FE) method is used to study the ultimate strength of pressure spherical hulls in deep-sea manned submersibles.By comparing various FE parameters, a validated model was established.Using this model,the calculation result is found to be in agreement with the experiment result, while the two formulas' results are on the lower side. Then the ultimate strength of pressure spherical hulls under different thickness-radius ratio is studied,as well as the effect of the initial imperfection.As for the deep-sea manned submersibles,the ultimate strength of pressured spherical hulls is recommended to be obtained by FE method.The effect of the initial imperfection to the ultimate strength is not significant when the spherical hull is finely manufactured.For the convenience of application, the relationships between the ultimate strength of the perfect spherical hull and that with imperfection are provided.