中国西部40县农村3岁以下儿童喂养状况及影响因素分析

目的　了解中国西部贫困农村儿童的喂养特点 ,发现其存在的喂养缺陷 ,以寻找适当的干预措施 ,从而增进当地儿童的营养状况。方法　对中国西部五省区 4 0个县的农村儿童进行了抽样调查 ,共访问了 730 2户家庭。将所有资料采用EPI6 .0软件建立数据库及检错程序 ,采用两次录入法 ,用SPSS 10 .0统计软件完成所有统计分析。结果　 4 0个县儿童的喂养方式存在明显缺陷。 4个月的纯母乳喂养率较低 ;辅食的添加不合理 ,主要表现为蛋白类食品的添加严重不足 ;持续授乳直至 12个月的比例为 5 1.7% ;与国际推荐的科学喂养方式差距很大。影响当地儿童喂养方式的因素很多。民族、父母的受教育程度、家庭的收入情况、家庭孩子数及孩子的排行均明显影响到儿童的喂养行为。健康教育对儿童喂养有明显改善作用。结论　通过健康教育 ,普及科学喂养知识 ,将有助于改善西部地区儿童的喂养状况

Analysis of feeding patterns and factors affecting the feeding patterns of children under 3 years old in 40 rural counties in western China

Objective To study the feeding patterns in western China, find defection in the feeding patterns in order to look for the intervention methods, popularize reasonable feeding knowledge, and improve children's nutrition in these areas. Methods We interviewed 7302 families by using stratified multistage sampling in 40 counties of 5 provinces in western China. Databases were set up, and all the data were checked by EPI6.0 software. All the data were entered with duplication method, then were analyzed by SPSS10.0 software. Results There were obvious defections in the feeding patterns of children in the 40 counties. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in children was low in 4 months of age after birth. Added foods were not reasonable, protein was greatly inadeguate in particular. 51.7% of the children were breastfed until 12 months old. Compared with WHO/UNICEF reference, these rates were fairly low in the 40 poor counties. Many factors affected the feeding patterns of the local children, including ethnical groups parents' education, family income, the number of children and their birth order in the family. Health education had a significant effect on improving the feeding patterns of children. Conclusion Scientific feeding knowledge should be spread to improve the feeding patterns of children in western China.