自然垄断行业实现普遍服务目标政策分析

要实现在具有自然垄断性质的网络行业中引入竞争、提高效率和履行普遍服务义务的双重目标,政策制定者有必要引入一些竞争中性的规制措施.介绍了统一定价、价格上限和范围限制等几项措施及措施组合的内容,通过一个实证性模型,分析了各种情况下在位者和进入者均衡价格和均衡服务范围的决定.结论：在没有明确其他措施的内容时,单一措施的福利评价是不可能的,必须将同时发挥作用的各项措施结合起来进行综合评价.并且,政策制定者在制定各项措施时,必须在提供更大的服务范围、提高接受服务的消费者福利、提高垄断地区消费者福利和提高竞争地区消费者福利之间做出权衡.

Policy Analysis of Achieving Universal Service Objectives in Natural Monopoly Industries

In natural monopolistic network industries, some competitively neutral policies have to be adopted to achieve competition and universal service. In this work, some measures and their combinations, such as uniform pricing, price cap, and coverage constraint are introduced. From setting up a positive model, the decisions of equilibrium prices and coverages by the incumbent and the entrant are analyzed. The idea of this paper is that no single measure can be evaluated in isolation unless all the effective measures are imposed at the same time. In addition, it must be realized that there are tradeoffs between larger coverage and higher welfare of served customers, and between the welfare of customers in markets with competition or monopoly.