变刚度弹簧组系统优化设计

根据变刚度弹簧减振装置的运用特点，对其性能进行了分析研究，确定了变刚度弹簧组的性能参数及其与弹簧组中各弹簧性能参数之间的关系。从系统论的观点出发，将变刚度弹簧组中的各弹簧作为一个整体进行研究，以变刚度弹簧组中各弹簧的簧丝直径、弹簧中径及有效圈数为设计变量，以弹簧总质量最轻为目标函数，建立了满足静强度条件、疲劳强度条件、稳定性条件和安装条件，并能反映变刚度弹簧减振装置参数的变刚度弹簧组优化设计模型。采用有限元分析软件ANSYS中自带的优化设计模块中的一阶优化方法编制了APDL语言优化设计程序。以某铁路货车车辆变刚度弹簧组为例，进行了优化设计计算。实例分析表明，本文所提出的设计方法比传统设计方法简单易行、结果合理。

Optimized Design of Variable-stiffness Spring Combinations System

Based on analysis of the operating characteristics of the variable-sliffness spring damper, the performance of the variable-stiffness spring damper is studied and the parameters of the spring group and the relation among the parameters of all springs in the spring group are defined. From the viewpoint of the systematology, all springs in a variable-stiffness spring group are integrated as a whole system. Subjected to the conditions of the static strength, fatigue strength, stability and assembling, the optimized design model of the variable-stiffness spring group is established, which has diameters of spring bars, mean spring diameters and effective coils of all springs in the variable-stiffness spring group as the design variables and the minimum weight of all springs as the objective function. This model can also show the effect of the parameters of the wedge. By the first-order method in the optimized design module of ANSYS, the optimized design program is worded out in the APDL language. The optimized design of the variable-stiffness spring combinations used for rolling stock is completed as an example. The result shows that the proposed design method is simple, reasonable and easy to apply as compared with the conventional design methods.