地铁车厢立席乘客的空间舒适度建模与模拟

地铁车厢拥挤直接影响乘客的乘车舒适度.本文根据“人体空间气泡”的概念， 引入地铁车厢内乘客心理舒适度，结合乘客感知空间舒适性调查，建立乘客空间理论模 型，并以此得到基于空间舒适性的立席密度评价标准.基于现有行人模型，借鉴社会力模 型中人与人之间的排斥力，定义“广义拥挤力”，建立地铁车厢乘客“拥挤力”量化模型.以 北京地铁4 号线为研究对象，结合实地调研得到的车厢内乘客密度分布规律，应用 PFC2D 离散元软件以力的形式来模拟乘客空间舒适度状态.结果表明，要使80%乘客的空 间舒适度等级在舒适以上，则合理密度应该在4-5 人/m2之间，为制定合理立席密度标准 提供参考.

Modeling and Simulation of Standing Passengers’Space Comfort in Subway Carriage

Passengers’comfort declines when passengers are in a crowded subway carriage. According to the concept of body space bubble and the psychological comfort of passengers in the subway carriage, with the investigation of passengers’perceptive space comfort, the theory model of passenger space is established in this paper, and then the standing passenger density evaluation criteria based on space comfort is obtained. Based on the existing pedestrian model, a generalized crowding force is defined by learning the repulsion in the social force model, and a passenger crowding force model in subway carriage is established. Beijing Metro Line 4 is selected for case study. Combined with the passenger density distribution law by the spot investigation, the discrete element software of PFC2D is used to simulate passengers’space comfort by force modality. The results show that the reasonable standing passenger density should be between 4–5 person/m2 when the space comfort grade of 80% of passengers is above comfortable, and the results can provide reference for setting the standard of standing passenger density