论朗吉努斯《论崇高》中关于艺术家的思想

古希腊时期文学批评理论关注的主要对象,是独立于艺术家思想的外部真实,而对艺术家本身的兴趣则相对缺乏。朗吉努斯打破了这种局面,第一次把关注的目光从外部真实投向艺术家本身。他关于艺术家的思想可以从两种关系里揭示出来,其中不乏矛盾之处。其一,在艺术家的自然天性与后天艺术训练的关系方面,他反对同时代人重自然而轻艺术的观点,试图在两者之间维持一种平衡,坚信创作具有崇高风格的作品,两者缺一不可。其二,在艺术家与古典作家及其作品的关系方面,他为没有天赋者指出了一条成就伟大作品的道路,即摹仿古典作家和他们的作品。不同于柏拉图、亚里斯多德和贺拉斯的摹仿论,他所指的是艺术家对古人的一种精神性摹仿,摹仿概念由此获得全新的含义。

On Longinus's Thoughts on Artist in The Sublime

In the ancient Greek literary criticism,the primary concern is the external reality,while there is a comparative lack of interest in the artist himself.Longinus breaks the ground,and for the first time turns the critical attention to the artist himself.This paper argues that Longinus’s paradoxical thoughts on artist can be revealed in two relations.One is that between nature and art of the artist,and the other between the artist and the ancients and their works.Against the current view of laying more importance to nature than to art,he tries to strike a balance between the two,and believes that to accomplish a work of sublimity,both are important.For those short of gifted nature,he believes it is still possible to achieve sublimity,and suggests an imitation of the ancients.Different from Plato,Aristotle and Horace,he emphasizes a kind of spiritual imitation,and in doing so,he greatly enriches the uses of mimesis.