理性与经验--对黑格尔辩证法的现代阐释

黑格尔认为 ,为了克服近代哲学先验主体性所带来的困境 ,必须重新恢复古代辩证法的精神 ,重新实现统一的理性对世界的统治。然而 ,黑格尔的这一努力还是以近代哲学为起点 ,理性的客观统一并不像希腊人观念中的逻各斯那样具有原初性 ,自我意识与绝对的统一不得不依赖于自我意识自身的辩证运动。黑格尔虽然拒绝近代的主体性立场 ,但仍以一种绝对的主体性取代康德先验的主体性。如此 ,意识的经验运动必然导致一种不再有任何异己物存在于自身之外的自我认识 ,从而自我认识的标准也就成了经验的标准。因此 ,辩证法的历程虽是一不断克服自身局限而趋于无限的过程 ,但矛盾与否定的辩证法最后却必须以克服矛盾与否定而告终。

Reason and Experience--A Modern Interpretation of Hegelian Dialectics

Hegel thinks that, in order to overcome the dire straits from apriori subjectivity of modern philosophy, we must recover the spirit of ancient dialectics and realize the government of unitive reason on world again. However, Hegel still takes modern philosophy as his starting point. In his view, unlike Logos in ancient Greek ideas objective unity of reason doesn't have the original nature, and self-consciousness and absolute unity have to depend on the dialectic movement of self-consciousness itself. Hegel rejects the stantpoint of modern subjectivity, but still he uses an absolute subjectivity to replace Kantian apriori subjectivity. Therefore, experience movement of consciousness must result in a self-awareness that there are no alien things outside self, so that the standard of self-awareness becomes the standard of experience. Consequently, the course of dialectics is a process of overcoming self-limits continuously and approaching infiniteness, but the contradictory and negatory dialectics must end up in having to overcom contradiction and negation.