隧道涌水量的预测方法及影响因素研究

隧道涌水量关系到作用于衬砌结构的水压力和周边生态环境的安全,是隧道防排水设计的重要参考指标.在总结隧道涌水量预测的3种主要方法：理论解析法、经验公式法和数值分析法的基础上,讨论了围岩渗透系数、洞室尺寸、地下水位高度、衬砌渗透性、注浆圈渗透性及厚度、隧道含水层厚度,以及洞室形状等因素对隧道涌水量的影响,比较分析了各种隧道涌水量预测方法的差异,并重点指出了各种理论解析方法的局限性和适用条件.研究结果表明,隧道涌水量随围岩渗透系数的增大线性增大,随地下水位高度的升高存在一个先减小后增大的过程;注浆圈参数存在一个经济合理值;同样的开挖面积条件下圆形隧道的涌水量最小.

Study on Prediction Methods and Its Influence Factors of Water Inflow Into Tunnels

Water into tunnels is an important reference index for design of tunnel waterproofing and drainage systems, because it not only relates to seepage forces acting on the tunnel lining, but also relates to the safety of the ecological environment. Based on the summary of 3 main prediction methods of water inflow into tunnels： theoretical analysis method, empirical formula method and numerical analysis method, influence of many factors on water inflow into tunnels is discussed, which includes permeability of surrounding rock, cavern size, water table height, permeability of lining, permeability and thickness of grouting circle, thickness of the aquifer, and cavern shapes, et al. Differences among prediction methods of water inflow into tunnels are comparatively analyzed. The limitations and condi- tions for application of these methods, especially for various theories analytical methods, are highlighted. The research results can definitely provide reference and technical support for prediction of water inflow into tunnels and its control measures.