城市公共自行车准动态调度方法

针对城市公共自行车系统日常调度工作量大问题，提出一种城市公共自行车准动态调度方法. 该方法通过分析公共自行车站点容量、日均租还差和各时段租还量间的约束关系，评估站点的调度频次并划分站点类型；以日均调度任务量均衡和日均调度里程最低为目标，以调度车容量为约束条件，优化日常调度路径；与经验调度法进行了对比，验证了本方法的有效性. 结果表明：在调度数量方面，准动态调度方法2018 年1 月周日均和月日均调度工作量分别为3 872 次和4 247 次，较同月实际值5 690 次降低了32%和25%；在调度里程方面，准动态调度方法的周日均行驶里程和月日均行驶里程分别为94.7 km和103.6 km，较同月实际调度里程113.1 km分别降低了16%和8%.该方法对宁波公共自行车日常调度具有良好的实践价值.

Quasi-dynamic Balancing Method for Urban Public Bike-sharing System

Aiming at the problem of heavy workload in daily dispatching of urban public bike-sharing system, a quasi-dynamic urban public bicycle balancing method is proposed. By analyzing the constraints among capacity, average daily difference between rent and return, and rent and return volume in different periods, the method evaluates the balancing frequency of the sites, and divides the sites into different types. Based on site classification, the combination optimization of weekly balancing sites and routing optimization are carried out with the goal of balancing the average daily balancing tasks and minimizing the average routing mileage. Finally, the method is applied to the daily balancing of Ningbo public bike-sharing system, and compared with the empirical balancing method to verify the effectiveness. The results show that in terms of task quantity, the average weekly and monthly daily balancing workload of the quasi- dynamic balancing method for Ningbo public bicycle system in January 2018 are 3 872 and 4 247 respectively, which are 32% and 25% lower than the empirical balancing workload of 5 690 times in the same month; in terms of routing mileage, the average weekly and monthly mileage of the quasidynamic balancing method are 94.7 km and 103.6 km respectively, which are 16% and 8% lower than the empirical balancing mileage of 113.1 km in the same month. This method has good practical value for daily balancing of Ningbo public bicycle system.