基于出行剩余理论的运输方式选择研究

突出强调出行本身具有的独立价值及其特性，创建出行剩余理论，以出行剩余价值最大化为准则揭示出行需求主体选择运输服务方式的机理。将出行价值特性总结为认知性、差异性、时效性，并将出行需求基于时效性分为3类，给出相应出行价值函数。将出行代价的特性总结为时效性、差异性、或然性，并建立出行全过程的成本函数。通过联立出行价值与出行成本函数，构建基于出行剩余价值的运输方式选择模型。通过仿真算例验证模型的适用性，结果显示，该模型有效避免了效用理论在需求异质性、出行价值测度等方面的表述局限，可为旅客出行方式选择研究提供新的研究方向。

Analysis of Transportation Mode Selection Based on Travel Surplus Theory

This paper emphasizes the independent value and characteristics of travel, establishes the theory of travel surplus, and reveals the mechanism of travel demand subjects choosing the mode of transportation service by taking the maximization of travel surplus value as the criterion. The characteristics of travel value were summarized as cognition, difference and timeliness, and the travel demand was divided into three categories based on timeliness, and the corresponding travel value function was given. The characteristics of travel cost were summarized as timeliness, difference and uncertainty. The travel cost function of the whole travel process was constructed. By combining travel value's and travel cost's functions, a transportation mode selection model based on travel surplus value was constructed. The applicability of the model was verified by a simulation example. The results show that the model avoids the limitations of utility theory in terms of demand heterogeneity, travel value measure, and can provide new research direction for the study of passenger travel mode selection.