基于短期记忆的单义标志重复间距研究

交通标志的重复间距直接影响其实施效果，设置过于密集增加驾驶员的脑力负担，浪费社会资源. 设置过于稀疏，起不到预期的效果.本文从驾驶安全性和驾驶员短期记忆特性两个方面综合考虑公路单义标志的重复设置间距. 采用室内模拟舱实验的方法，选取42名驾驶员，对单义交通标志进行驾驶员短期记忆实验，根据实验结果建立驾驶员短期记忆衰减指数模型. 根据研究，在认读后的前35s内记忆衰减大于4%，记忆正确性超过50%；在35秒后衰减小于3%，记忆正确率下降为50%以下. 将此结果应用于公路单义标志的重复设置过程，根据驾驶员不同运行速度，定量给出公路单义标志的重复设置间距.

Single-Mean Signs Appropriate Repetition Intervals Determination by Drivers’ Short-Term Memory

Traffic signs repetition intervals influence their effects. Large intervals increase the burden of the driver’s mental and small intervals lead to waste of social sources. Large intervals may not reasonable and suitable for reminding drivers. Small intervals will not meet the expectation. Short-term memory characteristics and drivers’ safety performance are applied to locate single-mean signs. In order to explore drivers’ short memory characteristics, 42 samples are selected to participate indoor test in driving simulator. Exponential model is established based on the test performance. Results show that the short term memory decreased by 4% percent in the first 35 seconds and gradually became stable after 35s, decreasing by 3%. Memory accuarcy went down to 50%.Single mean traffic intervals on highway are calculated according to the short-term memory model and different operating speed.