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无线传感网是采集实时交通信息的重要工具.因其节点能量有限,必须设计高能效的分簇路由算法以延长网络周期.本文通过建立一种智能交通中无线传感器网络的应用模型,根据其特点和要求分析LEACH协议的优缺点并提出一种能量负载均衡的分簇算法.该算法对LEACH协议当中的簇首机制进行改进,综合考虑候选节点的剩余能量和簇首节点的分布位置;建立簇间多跳路由机制以避免单跳通信的大能量消耗;创造一种簇重构方法,避免过于频繁的簇重构引起的不必要能量消耗.仿真结果表明,能量均衡算法可有效平衡节点能量消耗分布,延长网络生命周期,可很好的应用于基于WSN的ITS当中.

Clustering Algorithm of WSN in Traffic Information Collection

Wireless sensor network is an important tool to collect real time traffic information. Because of the limited node energy, it is essential to design an energy efficient clustering routing algorithm to prolong the network cycle. This paper establishes an intelligent transportation model in the application of wireless sensor network. According to the characteristics and requirements, the paper analyzes both the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH agreement and proposes an improved clustering algorithm with energy loading balance. The algorithm considers the residual energy and position of cluster head node and then improves cluster head electing mechanism of LEACH agreement. It establishes multiple hops routing mechanism between clusters to avoid energy consumption as for single jump. A method for cluster’s reconstruction is also presented to avoid unnecessary energy consumption as for frequent reconstruction. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance the consumption distribution of node energy, extend node and network life cycle. It can perform well in the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) based on WSN.