打车软件使用率对出租车社会福利的影响

出租车行业的社会福利主要由出租车剩余价值与乘客剩余价值构成,为了量化打车软件这一新型电召服务模式对社会福利的影响,本文采用柯布—道格拉斯函数为出租车实载里程表达形式,得到出租车出行需求函数,然后考虑打车软件使用率对空驶里程的影响,最终构建出租车与乘客的剩余价值模型.通过成都某区域实例数据得出,当打车软件的使用率从0变化到100%,出租车剩余价值增加23%,乘客剩余价值减小6.4%,社会总福利减小3%.计算结果表明,该模型具有可行性与有效性,可为行业规划与管理中对打车软件这类新型服务模式提供引导方式,对出租车的价格调整等提供决策依据.

Influence of Usage Rate of Taxi-hailing Apps on Urban Taxi Social Welfare

In order to quantize the influence of taxi-hailing apps on urban taxi social welfare, including taxi surplus and passenger surplus, a taxi demand function with Cobe-Douglas form is constructed, and a vacancy mileage model considering with the influence of the usage rate of taxi-hailing apps is established to determine the taxis surplus and passenger surplus. When the model is applied to Chengdu taxi market, taxis surplus and passengers surplus are 23% up and 6.4% down, and the social welfare is down 3%. This paper testifies the validity and convenience of the proposed methods by an example in Chengdu, which can reflect reality of operation efficiency and offer some beneficial guidance and theoretic basis to the planning and management of urban taxi-hailing apps.