并列瓶颈路网下个人与家庭混合通勤行为研究

通勤者的出行行为对早高峰期间拥挤政策的制定有着至关重要的作用。本文基于瓶颈模型构建并列瓶颈路网下个人与家庭混合出行的均衡出行模型，分析两类通勤者的出行需求情况、 两个瓶颈处的通行能力以及学校-工作开始时间差这3个因素对用户均衡、用户出行成本和系统性能的影响。结果表明：在并列瓶颈路网下，混合出行的用户均衡状态并不唯一；无论两个瓶颈的通行能力大小如何变化，增加学校-工作开始时间差对个人通勤者都是有利的；受瓶颈通行能力的影响，增加学校-工作开始时间差对家庭通勤者的影响是否有利是不确定的；并不是在任何情况下调节学校-工作开始时间差对交通系统都是有效的，而是只有在特定情况下对其进行调节 才能提高系统运行效率，降低系统总出行成本。

Individual and Household Commute Travels on Parallel Bottleneck Road Network

The travel behavior of commuters is critical to determine the appropriate congestion strategies in the morning peak hours. This paper develops an equilibrium travel model for the mixed travel of individuals and households based on the bottleneck model in a parallel bottleneck road network. The user equilibrium, user costs, and system performance are analyzed with consideration of the impact of travel demand of two classes of commuters, the capacity at two bottlenecks, and the school-work start time difference. The results show that: (1) In a parallel bottleneck road network, the user equilibrium patterns of mixed travel are not unique. (2) Regardless of the changes in the capacity of the two bottlenecks, increasing the school-work start time difference is beneficial to individual commuters. However, due to the impact of the bottleneck capacity, the impact of increasing the school-work start time difference is uncertain for household commuters. (3) Adjusting the school- work start time difference provides an option to improve the efficiency and reduce the total travel cost of the system at certain circumstances but it is not effective for all situations to improve system efficiency.