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为了解决日益严重的交通拥堵问题，近几十年来，研究人员在国内外高速公路和城市快速路上发现了多种交通现象，并提出各种交通流模型对已发现的交通现象进行重现和解释，目的是为交通流控制与疏导提供理论支持.本文首先对目前已发现的交通流现象，如通行能力陡降、滞后效应、走-停交通波和同步流现象进行介绍，然后从交通流模型中的速度、加速度和二阶加速度的宏观/微观，连续/离散表达式几方面介绍了现有的一些交通流模型，并对模型解释交通现象的能力进行综合性评述.

Review on Traffic Flow Phenomena and Theory

Aiming at solving severe traffic congestion problem in metropolitan,in the last several decades,a number of traffic flow phenomena were discovered on freeways all over the world.Recent researches on traffic flow focused on developing traffic models and methodology which could explain and reproduce all these phenomena.In this paper,observed traffic phenomena such as traffic breakdown,hysteresis,stop-and-go traffic and synchronized flow are introduced.Then traffic flow models are classified by their equations of speed,acceleration and second-order acceleration in macroscopic/microscopic or continuous/discontinuous forms.Features of these traffic models and their explanation on traffic phenomena are also discussed.