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ETC技术的广泛使用有效提高了人工收费效率，缓解了收费站车流拥堵状况，本文对ETC系统优化配置方案进行了研究.根据收费站设计规范和实地调研成果，对高速公路收费站系统构件进行了形式化描述，结合系统各个构件中车辆的行为特征、车辆及收费通道的分类特征，建立了一种适用于高速公路ETC收费站系统的元胞自动机交通流模型.考虑到ETC收费站车流拥堵特性，提出了ETC收费站服务水平的概念及相关计算方法，设计以ETC使用率、ETC车道数量及交通流量为参数的仿真方案，选取封闭式4车道收费站进行仿真分析，基于仿真结果提出了ETC使用率分别为30%、60%和90%时ETC车道数的配置建议，为收费站管理人员合理利用ETC系统提供了理论依据.

Impact of ETC System on Service Level of Toll Plazas

The widely used ETC technology has significantly improved the artificial charge efficiency and alleviated the traffic congestion in the toll plazas. This paper investigates the optimal allocation scheme of the ETC system. According to the toll station design specifications and field research results, the components of toll plazas system are presented. With the vehicle behavior characteristics of every component and the classification features between vehicle and charging channel, a traffic flow cellular automaton model which is proposed, which is suitable for the ETC toll plazas. Considering the traffic congestion characteristics of ETC toll plazas, the concept of service level and related computational methods are developed. A simulation scheme is designed, which includes the ETC usage, ETC lane number and traffic flow parameters. Based on that, a closed 4 Lane Toll plaza is analyzed as an example. An ETC Lane configuration is proposed when the ETC utilization rates are respectively 30%, 60% and 90%. The approach provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of the ETC system for the management of the toll station.