城市轨道交通客流网络分布均衡性评价

复杂网络化运营下的城市轨道交通客流呈现时空分布不均衡特点，为量化表征客流网络分布不均衡程度，应用广义均衡性评价工具Gini系数和Theil指数，以车站客流量和区间断面满载率为评价指标多维度评价客流网络分布状态.以上海轨道交通网络为例，基于洛伦兹曲线求解得到早高峰 8:30-8:45、平峰 10:45-11:00和晚高峰18:30-18:45这3个时段全网车站客流分布的Gini系数分别为0.527、0.554、0.540.对照评价标准可知，3个时段客流分布均极不均衡；全网区间客流分布的Gini系数分别为 0.502、0.366、0.476，表明客流区间分布早高峰极不均衡、平峰相对均衡、晚高峰比较不均衡；基于线路分组的Theil指数求解结果与上述结论一致.最后，分析各线路客流分布不均衡对全网不均衡的贡献率，结果与实际客流分布状态相符，验证了本文方法的可行性与有效性.

Evaluation on Equilibrium of Passenger Flow Distribution on Urban Rail Transit Network

The passenger flow distribution on urban rail transit (URT) network has a character of spatial-temporal disequilibrium under complex network operation. In order to quantify its imbalance, generalized equilibrium evaluation tools: Gini coefficient and Theil index are used. Equilibrium of passenger flow distribution on URT network is evaluated multi-dimensionally by calculating station passenger flow volume and section load factor. A case study based on Shanghai Metro network is conducted. The Gini coefficients of passenger flow distribution on stations at morning peak 8:30-8:45, off peak 10:45-11:00 and evening peak 18:30-18:45 are 0.527, 0.554, 0.540. According to evaluation criterion, passenger flow distribution in three periods are all terribly unbalanced. The Gini coefficients of passenger flow distribution on sections are 0.502, 0.366, 0.476, which means passenger flow distribution states respectively are terribly disequilibrium, relative equilibrium and comparative disequilibrium. The results of Theil index based on grouping by line are consistent with the above conclusions. By analyzing disequilibrium contribution rate that passenger flow distribution on lines to the network, the results are conform to the actual passenger flow network distribution, which verify the feasibility and validity of the method proposed in this paper.